Non-finites : SARKARI LIBRARY

Non-finite verbs are verbs that do not indicate tense, person, or number. They cannot function as the main verb in a sentence and are often used in combination with auxiliary verbs or as parts of phrases. Non-finite verbs include infinitives, gerunds, and participles.

Types of Non-Finite Verbs

1. Infinitives
   Infinitives are the base form of a verb, often preceded by “to.” They can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a sentence.
   • Examples:
     • To run is fun. (Noun)
     • She has a lot of work to do. (Adjective)
     • He went to the store to buy milk. (Adverb)
   • Usage:
     • Infinitives can express purpose or intention.
     • Example: She studies hard to pass the exam. (वह परीक्षा पास करने के लिए मेहनत से पढ़ाई करती है।)
2. Gerunds
   Gerunds are formed by adding “-ing” to the base form of a verb. They function as nouns in a sentence.
   • Examples:
     • Swimming is my favorite sport. (Subject)
     • I enjoy reading. (Object)
   • Usage:
     • Gerunds can be used after certain verbs, prepositions, or as subjects and objects.
     • Example: He is interested in learning new languages. (वह नई भाषाएँ सीखने में रुचि रखता है।)
3. Participles
   Participles are verb forms used as adjectives or to create verb tenses. There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles.
   • Present Participles: Formed by adding “-ing” to the base form of the verb.
     • Examples:
       • The running water is cold. (Adjective)
       • I saw her swimming in the pool. (Part of a continuous tense)
   • Past Participles: Typically formed by adding “-ed” to regular verbs, but many irregular verbs have unique forms.
     • Examples:
       • The broken vase was expensive. (Adjective)
       • She has finished her homework. (Part of a perfect tense)

Examples in Sentences

1. Infinitive:
   • To travel the world is my dream. (दुनिया की यात्रा करना मेरा सपना है।)
2. Gerund:
   • Jogging in the morning keeps me healthy. (सुबह दौड़ना मुझे स्वस्थ रखता है।)
3. Present Participle:
   • The barking dog woke me up. (भौंकता कुत्ता मुझे जगाने लगा।)
4. Past Participle:
   • The stolen car was found by the police. (चोरी की गई कार पुलिस द्वारा मिली।)

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