Single Point Cutting Tool
and
its main Parts
Metal Cutting Tool ( Single Point Cutting Tool )
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A single point cutting tool is mostly used on lathe , shaper and planer
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while a multi – point cutting tool is used on milling machine and broaching machine .
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A single point cutting tool may be either left or right hand cut tool depending upon the direction of feed .
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A right hand tool is shown in Fig . The following definition may be clearly understood
(a) Shank :
- It is the main body of the tool .
(b) Face :
- It is the surface on which the chip slides
(c) Flank :
- It is the surface below and adjacent to the cutting edge
(d) Heel :
- It is the intersection of the flank and base of the tool
(e) Nose :
- It is the intersection of side cutting edge and end cutting edge .
(f) Cutting edge :
- It is the edge on the face of the tool which removes the material from the work piece.
(g) Lip angle
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It is the angle between the tool face and ground end surface of flank .
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The lip angle of a single point tool is usually 60 ° to 80 ° .
(h) Cutting angle
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It is the angle between the face of the tool and a line tangent to the machined surface at the cutting point .
(i) Rake angle
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The angle made by the face of the tool and the plane parallel to the base of the cutting tool .
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The strength of the tool depends upon this angle .
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The rake angle required to machine brass by high speed tool is 0 ° .
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Back rake angle : The angle by which the face of the tool is inclined towards back , is called back rake angle .
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Side rake angle : The angle by which the face of the tool is inclined towards side , is called side rake angle .
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It is provided on tools to control chip flow .
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The negative rake is usually provided on cemented carbide tools .
(j) Side relief angle
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It is the angle between the surface of the flank immediately below the point and a plane at right angles to the centre line of the point of tool .
(k) End relief angle
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It is the angle between the surface of the flank immediately below the point and a line drawn from the point perpendicular to the base .