ADJECTIVES/ DETERMINERS : SARKARI LIBRARY

Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns by providing more information about them. They answer questions like “What kind?”, “Which one?”, “How many?”, and “How much?” Adjectives enhance the meaning of a sentence by giving additional details about the subject.

Types of Adjectives

1. Descriptive Adjectives (गुणवाचक विशेषण)
   These adjectives describe the qualities, characteristics, or attributes of a noun.
   • Examples:
     • Beautiful girl (सुंदर लड़की)
     • Tall building (ऊँची इमारत)
     • Delicious food (स्वादिष्ट भोजन)
2. Quantitative Adjectives (परिमाणवाचक विशेषण)
   These adjectives indicate the quantity or amount of something.
   • Examples:
     • Some water (कुछ पानी)
     • Many books (कई किताबें)
     • Much money (बहुत सारा पैसा)
3. Numerical Adjectives (संख्यावाचक विशेषण)
   These adjectives express the exact number or order of something.
   • Examples:
     • Three apples (तीन सेब)
     • First prize (पहला पुरस्कार)
     • Ten students (दस छात्र)
4. Demonstrative Adjectives (संकेतवाचक विशेषण)
   These adjectives point out specific nouns or pronouns. They indicate proximity (near or far).
   • Examples:
     • This book (यह किताब)
     • That house (वह घर)
     • These flowers (ये फूल)
     • Those cars (वो कारें)
5. Possessive Adjectives (अधिकारवाचक विशेषण)
   These adjectives show possession or ownership of a noun.
   • Examples:
     • My pen (मेरा पेन)
     • Her dress (उसकी ड्रेस)
     • Their house (उनका घर)
6. Interrogative Adjectives (प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण)
   These adjectives are used to ask questions about nouns.
   • Examples:
     • Which book do you like? (तुम्हें कौन सी किताब पसंद है?)
     • Whose pen is this? (यह किसका पेन है?)
     • What color is the sky? (आसमान का रंग क्या है?)
7. Distributive Adjectives (वितरणवाचक विशेषण)
   These adjectives refer to individual members of a group.
   • Examples:
     • Each student (प्रत्येक छात्र)
     • Every person (हर व्यक्ति)
     • Either option (कोई एक विकल्प)
8. Proper Adjectives (व्यक्तिवाचक विशेषण)
   These adjectives are derived from proper nouns and usually describe origin or nationality.
   • Examples:
     • Indian food (भारतीय भोजन)
     • French wine (फ्रांसीसी शराब)
     • Shakespearean drama (शेक्सपियरियन नाटक)

Determiners are words that come before nouns to clarify what the noun refers to. They help specify things in terms of definiteness, quantity, possession, and other relationships. Determiners are essential for providing context to nouns and often help to answer questions like “Which one?”, “How many?”, or “Whose?”.

Types of Determiners

1. Articles (सदस्य)
   Articles define whether a noun is specific or unspecific.
   • Definite Article:
     Refers to a specific noun.
     • Example: The cat is sleeping. (That specific cat.)
   • Indefinite Articles:
     Refers to a non-specific noun.
     • Examples: A dog is barking. (Any dog, not a specific one.)
       An apple is on the table.
2. Demonstratives (संकेतवाचक शब्द)
   Demonstratives point to specific nouns in terms of proximity.
   • Examples:
     • This book (near, singular)
     • That car (far, singular)
     • These shoes (near, plural)
     • Those mountains (far, plural)
3. Possessive Determiners (अधिकारवाचक शब्द)
   Possessive determiners show ownership or possession of a noun.
   • Examples:
     • My pen
     • Your house
     • His book
     • Her car
     • Their plans
     • Our school
     • Its tail
4. Quantifiers (परिमाणवाचक शब्द)
   Quantifiers indicate the quantity or amount of something.
   • Examples:
     • Some milk (कुछ)
     • Many people (कई)
     • Few books (कुछ, कम)
     • Several problems (कई समस्याएँ)
     • Much water (बहुत सारा)
     • All students (सभी)
     • Any questions? (कोई)
     • No time left (कोई नहीं)
5. Numbers (संख्याएँ)
   These are used to specify the exact number of nouns.
   • Examples:
     • One apple
     • Two cars
     • Three days
     • Five children
     • Ten books
6. Distributive Determiners (वितरणवाचक शब्द)
   Distributive determiners refer to individual members of a group or items taken one at a time.
   • Examples:
     • Each student (हर छात्र)
     • Every person (प्रत्येक व्यक्ति)
     • Either option (कोई एक विकल्प)
     • Neither answer (कोई भी नहीं)
7. Interrogative Determiners (प्रश्नवाचक शब्द)
   Interrogative determiners are used to ask questions about nouns.
   • Examples:
     • Which book do you want? (तुम्हें कौन सी किताब चाहिए?)
     • What time is it? (समय क्या हुआ है?)
     • Whose bag is this? (यह किसका बैग है?)
8. Difference Words (अंतर शब्द)
   Words that indicate a contrast or distinction.
   • Examples:
     • Other people (दूसरे लोग)
     • Another chance (एक और मौका)

Follow FB

Join WhatsApp

SUBSCRIBE Youtube