A Pronoun is a word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition and simplify sentences. Pronouns help in making sentences less cumbersome and easier to understand. Pronouns can represent people, places, things, or ideas without specifically naming them.
Types of Pronouns
- Demonstrative Pronouns (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Distributive Pronouns (व्यष्टिवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Emphatic Pronouns (दबाववाचक सर्वनाम)
- Interrogative Pronouns (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Indefinite Pronouns (अनिश्चितवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Personal Pronouns (व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Possessive Pronouns (अधिकारवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Reflexive Pronouns (निजवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Relative Pronouns (सम्बंधवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Reciprocal Pronouns (परस्परसम्बंधवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Personal Pronouns (व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns are used to refer to specific people or things and change based on person (first, second, third), gender, number, and case (subjective, objective, possessive).- Examples:
- Subjective Case: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
(मैं, तुम, वह, यह, हम, वे)- Example: He is my friend.
(वह मेरा दोस्त है।)
- Example: He is my friend.
- Objective Case: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
(मुझे, तुझे, उसे, इसे, हमें, उन्हें)- Example: She gave the book to me.
(उसने किताब मुझे दी।)
- Example: She gave the book to me.
- Possessive Case: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
(मेरा, तुम्हारा, उसका, इसका, हमारा, उनका)- Example: This is her bag.
(यह उसका बैग है।)
- Example: This is her bag.
- Subjective Case: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
- Examples:
- Reflexive Pronouns (निजवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence. They end in “-self” or “-selves.”- Examples:
- myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves
(स्वयं, खुद, अपने आप) - Example: He hurt himself while playing.
(उसने खेलते समय खुद को चोट पहुंचाई।)
- myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves
- Examples:
- Demonstrative Pronouns (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns point to specific things or people. They are used to indicate the location or proximity of the noun they are replacing.- Examples:
- this, that, these, those
(यह, वह, ये, वे) - Example: This is my book, and those are yours.
(यह मेरी किताब है और वो तुम्हारी हैं।)
- this, that, these, those
- Examples:
- Interrogative Pronouns (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns are used to ask questions.- Examples:
- who, whom, whose, what, which
(कौन, किसे, किसका, क्या, कौन सा) - Example: Who is coming to the party?
(पार्टी में कौन आ रहा है?)
- who, whom, whose, what, which
- Examples:
- Relative Pronouns (सम्बंधवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns link clauses together, referring back to a noun mentioned earlier in the sentence.- Examples:
- who, whom, whose, that, which
(जो, जिसे, जिसका, वह, कौन सा) - Example: The boy who won the race is my friend.
(वह लड़का जो दौड़ जीता, मेरा दोस्त है।)
- who, whom, whose, that, which
- Examples:
- Possessive Pronouns (अधिकारवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns indicate ownership or possession and do not require an accompanying noun.- Examples:
- mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
(मेरा, तुम्हारा, उसका, इसका, हमारा, उनका) - Example: This book is mine.
(यह किताब मेरी है।)
- mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
- Examples:
- Indefinite Pronouns (अनिश्चितवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns refer to non-specific people or things.- Examples:
- someone, anyone, nobody, everybody, few, many, all, some
(कोई, किसी, कोई नहीं, सभी, कुछ, कई) - Example: Someone left their bag here.
(कोई अपना बैग यहाँ छोड़ गया है।)
- someone, anyone, nobody, everybody, few, many, all, some
- Examples:
- Reciprocal Pronouns (परस्परवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns indicate a mutual action or relationship between two or more people or things.- Examples:
- each other, one another
(एक दूसरे, परस्पर) - Example: They respect each other.
(वे एक-दूसरे का सम्मान करते हैं।)
- each other, one another
- Examples:
