World’s major inventions/discoveries and their inventors/discoverers
| Discoveries | Discoverer | |
| Hydrogen | Henry Cavendish | 1766 |
| Oxygen (O2) | Antoine Lavoisier | |
| Carbon (C) | Antoine Lavoisier | |
| Helium (He) | William Ramsay and Per Teodor Cleve | |
| Argon, Keypton, Xenon | Rayleigh – Ramsay | |
| Radioactivity | Henri Becquerel | |
| X-Rays | Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen | |
| The Periodic Table | Dmitri Mendeleev | |
| Modern Periodic Table | Mosley | |
| Penicillin |
Alexander Fleming | 1928 |
| Nuclear Fission | Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann | |
| DNA Structure | James Watson and Francis Crick | |
| Neutron | Chadwick | |
| Neucleus | Rutherford | |
| Proton | Rutherford | |
| Electron | J.J. Thomson | |
| Positron | Anderson | |
| Meson | Yukawa | |
| Electron Charge | Milliken | |
| Radioactive Decay | Marie Curie | |
| Polymerization | Hermann Staudinger | |
| Noble Gases | Sir William Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh | |
| Antibiotics (Streptomycin) | Selman Waksman and Albert Schatz | |
| Catalyst | Burxelius | |
| Atom Model | Bohr | |
| wave-particle duality | Louis de Broglie | |
| PH Scale | Sorensen | |
| Trade Name | Chemicals Name | Chemicals Formulas |
| common salt/ Table Salt | Sodium Chloride | NaCl |
| baking soda | sodium bicarbonate | NaHCO3 |
| washing soda | sodium carbonate | Na2CO3.10H2O |
| caustic soda | sodium hydroxide | NaOH |
| Chile saltpeter | sodium nitrate | NaNO3 |
| borax | sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate | Na2B4O7·10H2O |
| soda ash | sodium carbonate | Na2CO3 |
| Glauber’s Salt | sodium sulfate | Na2SO4.10H2O |
| hypo | sodium thiosulfate | Na2S2O3.5H2O |
| microcosmic salts | sodium ammonium hydrogen phosphate | |
| Bleach | Ammonium chloride | NH4Cl |
| Sodium Hypochlorite | NaClO | |
| Ammonia | Ammonium Hydroxide | NH3 |
| Ammonium Nitrate | NH4NO3 | |
| alum | potassium aluminum sulfate | KAl(SO4)2·12H2O |
| Red Medicine | potassium permanganate | KMnO4 |
| caustic potash | potassium hydroxide | KOH |
| saltpeter/ niter or nitrate | Potassium Nitrate | KNO3 |
| Aspirin | Acetylsalicylic Acid | C9H8O4 |
| Muriatic Acid | Hydrochloric Acid | HCl |
| Battery Acid | Sulfuric Acid | H2SO4 |
| Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol | Ethanol | C2H5OH |
| Tylenol, Panadol | Paracetamol | C8H9NO2 |
| Vitamin C | Ascorbic Acid | C6H8O6 |
| Formalin | Formaldehyde | CH2O |
| Methyl Alcohol, Wood Alcohol | Methanol | CH3OH |
| Peroxide | Hydrogen Peroxide | H2O2 |
| Natural Gas | Methane | CH4 |
| Phenolphthalein | C20H14O4 | |
| Aqua Fortis | Nitric Acid | HNO3 |
| Caustic Potash | Potassium Hydroxide | KOH |
| Antifreeze | Ethylene Glycol | C2H6O2 |
| Ammonium Sulfate | (NH4)2SO4 | |
| Soda Ash | Sodium Carbonate | Na2CO3 |
| White lead | lead carbonate hydroxide or basic lead carbonate. | 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2 |
| Red lead | minium or lead tetroxide | Pb3O4 |
| galena | lead(II) sulfide | PbS |
| litharge | lead oxide | PbO |
| Laughing Gas | Nitrous Oxide | N2O |
| Calcium hydride | CaH2 | |
| Chalk/ limestone/ Marble | Calcium Carbonate | CaCO3 |
| quicklime or burnt lime | Calcium Oxide | CaO |
| bleaching powder | calcium hypochlorite | (Ca(ClO)2) |
| Calcium Chloride | CaCl2 | |
| Gypsum | Calcium Sulphate/ calcium sulfate dihydrate | (CaSO4·2H2O). |
| Plaster of Paris | calcium sulfate hemihydrate | CaSO4·0.5H2O. |
| slaked lime or hydrated lime | calcium hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 |
| Bleaching powder | calcium hypochlorite | (Ca(ClO)2) |